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Protein Catagory: Neutrophil Proteins
Typ: Human
Molecular Weight: <3,500 Da
Immunogen: No
Compound Purity: ≥95% by SDS-PAGE
Applications: In Vitro Diagnostic, Antimicrobials, NETosis, Cirrhosis, Autoimmune Disease,
References: - Bickman, A. V., et al., (2020), '3D Printed Microfluidic Devices for Solid-Phase Extraction and On- Chip Fluorescent Labeling of Preterm Birth Risk Biomarkers', Anal. Chem., 92: pp 12322−12329. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01970 - Maeda, T., et al., (2016), 'Low concentrations of human neutrophil peptide ameliorate experimental murine colitis', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE 38: pp 1777-1785. Available at: DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2795
Product Description: Alpha-defensins are small (3-4 kDa), cysteine-rich cationic peptides characterized by a conserved triple β-sheet structure stabilized by three disulfide bonds. Primarily secreted by neutrophils and Paneth cells, these peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses via membrane disruption. Their cationic nature facilitates electrostatic attraction to negatively charged microbial membranes, forming voltage-dependent pores that induce osmotic lysis. Beyond direct pathogen killing, alpha-defensins (e.g., HNP1-3) promote neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and modulate immune responses by enhancing phagocytosis, regulating cytokine production, and suppressing glucocorticoid-mediated immunosuppression. Elevated alpha-defensin levels correlate with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis severity, where they predict hepatic encephalopathy and mortality. In prosthetic joint infections (PJI), synovial alpha-defensin detection via lateral flow assays achieves 92-100% specificity, serving as a rapid diagnostic biomarker. Genetic polymorphisms link alpha-defensin dysregulation to autoimmune disorders like lupus and neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. Conversely, deficiencies increase susceptibility to pyogenic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
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