Target Synonym: GRD;Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein;Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen;IDDM;CELIAC;CELIAC3;CTLA-4;Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4;Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4;GRD4;GSE;IDDM12;Cd152;Ctla4; Ly-56;Ctla4;Ly-56
Background: CTLA-4 and CD28, together with their ligands B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant costimulatory pathways that regulate T- and B-cell responses. CTLA-4 and CD28 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. Both CTLA-4 and CD28 are composed of a single Ig V‑like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. CTLA-4 and CD28 are both expressed on the cell surface as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. The genes encoding these two molecules are closely linked on Human chromosome 2. CTLA-4 was originally identified as a gene that was specifically expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, CTLA-4 transcripts have since been found in both Th1 and Th2, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones. Whereas, CD28 expression is constitutive on the surfaces of 95% of CD4+ T cells and 50% of CD8+ T cells and is down regulated upon T cell activation, CTLA-4 expression is upregulated rapidly following T cell activation and peaks approximately 24 hours following activation. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with 20-100-fold higher affinity than CD28. The physiological role of CTLA-4 in T cell costimulation is currently being studied.
Immunogen: Recombinant Human CD152 protein
Buffer: Sterile PBS, pH 7.2. < 1.0 EU per mg of the antibody as determined by the LAL method.
Dilution: FCM 2 μg/mL(1×105-5×105 cells)
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