Shelf life (days): 1460.0
Formulation: A solid
Formal Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy-2,3,5,6-d4)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
Purity: ≥99% deuterated forms (d1-d4)
Formula Markup: C12H12D4O7
Formula Weight: 276.27548
Notes: Arbutin-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of arbutin (Item No. 26407) by GC- or LC-MS. Arbutin is a glycosylated hydroquinone that has been found in Arctostaphylos plants and has diverse biological activities, including tyrosinase inhibitory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.{42646,42647} It inhibits human tyrosinase activity in crude tyrosinase solution isolated from human melanocytes (IC50s = 5.7 and 18.9 mM using L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as substrates, respectively) as well as in intact melanocytes (IC50 = 0.5 mM).{42648} Arbutin (50 μM) inhibits hemolysis induced by the free radical generator AAPH (Item No. 82235) in sheep erythrocytes and inhibits AAPH-induced decreases in cell viability in cultured human skin fibroblasts when used at concentrations greater than 125 μM.{42647} In an LPS-induced rat model of acute lung injury, arbutin (50 mg/kg) prevents increases in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in lung tissue and serum.{42649} Formulations containing arbutin have been used in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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