Notes: NMDA is a synthetic amino acid derivative that acts as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor, mimicking the excitatory action of the endogenous ligand glutamate.{14636,11801} Signaling through the NMDA receptor influences both neuronal plasticity and neurotoxicity.{7059} Repetitive activation of NMDA synapses leads to long-term potentiation, which is used as a model of learning and the initial stages of memory formation.{5566}