Background: p16, also known as "mitotic inhibitor", is one of the cell cycle regulatory proteins. Its mechanism of action is mainly to regulate cell cycle progression, inhibit cyclin-dependent kinase CDK4/6 and then inhibit Rb to block G1 phase cells into S phase, inhibit DNA synthesis and inhibit cell proliferation. p16 can be mutated in malignant tumors, thus losing its suppressive function and abnormally high expression. p16 is closely related to cervical cancer caused by HPV infection. The expression of p16 in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is usually diffuse positive in the whole layer of cervical epithelium, weak and moderate staining tends to be the staining result of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and almost no expression in normal cervical epithelium. Therefore, p16 is helpful for the grading of cervical epithelioma-like lesions.
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