Background: CD10, also known as common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), is a single-chain cell surface glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 110 kDa. It is present on the cell surface of bone marrow stem cells and bone marrow cells (including neutrophils), follicular central cells, a few mature B lymphocytes, and a subset of parafollicular T lymphocytes. In addition, CD10 could be detected in the fluid of the upper gut (brush border), liver (bile ducts), kidney (glomerular and proximal tubular cells), alveolar cells, myoepithelial and salivary glands of the mammary gland and sweat glands, prostatic cells, and a small number of fibroblasts. "CD10 is expressed in most B-lymphoblastic leukemia-lymphomas, follicular lymphomas, and Burkitt lymphomas, whereas mantle cell lymphomas and marginal zone lymphomas are usually negative." Among the non-hemolymphatic tumors, CD10 can also be used in the differential diagnosis of endometrial stromal sarcoma (+) and smooth muscle tumor (-), as well as in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma.
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