Endotoxin

Endotoxin

Since the pharmaceutical industry produces injections of many kinds, testing for pyrogens is an absolute necessity. Pyrogens are substances that can cause fever, shock and in extreme cases even the death. Endotoxin is a pyrogen of Gram-negative bacteria. It is found as a natural component in the outer cell membrane and is released by cell lysis. Over 30 different biological activities of endotoxin are known, including macrophage activation, mitogenic activity and induction of interferon and colony-stimulating factors.

For a long time, the "Rabbit Pyrogen Test" was the drug of choice. In the 1970s, the LAL test (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) was introduced. LAL comes from the amebocytes of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. Frederick Bang and Jack Levin observed that these amebocytes coagulate in the presence of Gram-negative bacteria. The technology for the endotoxin test was derived from this observation.

Gel Clot LAL assays

The Pyrogent Gel Clot Assay is a qualitative LAL test for endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria. The assay is performed in glass tubes at 37°C. After one hour of incubation in a water bath or incubation block, the tubes are inverted 180°. If endotoxin contamination is present, a gel-like matrix will form and remain intact when the tube is inverted.

Kinetic Turbidimetric LAL Assays

For a quantitative endotoxin determination, Lonza offers the Kinetic Turbidimetric LAL Assays. This method is performed in a microplate using an incubating absorbance plate reader at the wavelength 340nm and at 37°C. Using special software, the turbidity is monitored over time. Endotoxin-containing samples show a faster increase in OD than non-contaminated samples. Endotoxin concentrations of samples can be determined.

Endpoint chromogenic LAL assays

This method is carried out in tubes or in microplates. After a certain time, the reaction mixture turns yellow and can be measured with a photometer at 405-410 nm. Positive samples give a stronger discoloration, or higher OD value. Using the accompanying standard, sample values can be quantitatively calculated.

Kinetic Chromogenic LAL Assays

Similar to the Endpoint Chromogenic LAL Assay, this method uses an absorbance reading at 405-410 nm. These tests are particularly suitable for the quality control of biological products, e.g. vaccines or antibiotics. The sensitivity range is between 0.005 and 50 EU / mL.

PyroGene Endpoint Fluorogenic LAL Assays

The PyroGene assay is a reliable alternative to traditional endotoxin tests. It relies on the activation of recombinant Factor C, an endotoxin-sensitive protein that initiates the traditional LAL cascade. The measurement is carried out with a fluorescence reader (ex: 380 nm / em: 440 nm) in a microplate. Standards allow quantification of positive samples in the range 0.01-10 EU / mL.

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  1. Pyrogen-Free Test Tubes 10x75mm w/oCap
    Pyrogen-free borosilicate glass test tubes without screw-caps
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    Sku LONN205
    Manufact. SkuN205
    Packaging Unit50 pieces
  2. Tris Buffer,50mM Solution For Use w/ LAL
    Tris Buffer 50 mM
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    Sku LONS50-642
    Manufact. SkuS50-642
    Packaging Unit1 vial
  3. Pyrogen-Free Dilution 13x100mm w/oCaps
    Pyrogen-free borosilicate glass dilution tubes to be used in endotoxin testing applications.
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    Sku LONN207
    Manufact. SkuN207
    Packaging Unit12 PLA
  4. pMAT cells + Human Serum + IL-6 BK
    The PyroCell® Monocyte Activation Test – Human Serum System (PyroCell® MAT HS System) is an all-inclusive kit to conduct the Monocyte Activation Test
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    Sku LON279791
    Manufact. Sku279791
    Packaging Unit1 KT
  5. PyroCell® MAT HS Kit (M2016LC+M2017LS)
    The PyroCell® Monocyte Activation Test – Human Serum Kit combines 3 vials of cryopreserved, pooled PBMC (human, pMAT cells), and 3 vials of cryopreserved Human Serum Supplement, for 288 tests (3x 96-well microtiter plates).
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    Sku LON279770
    Manufact. Sku279770
    Packaging Unit1 KT
  6. pMAT & HUMAN SERUM & IL-6 RAPID BKIT
    The PyroCell® Monocyte Activation Test – Human Serum (HS) Rapid System is an all-inclusive kit to conduct the Monocyte Activation Test
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    Sku LON296408
    Manufact. Sku296408
    Packaging Unit1 Stück
  7. pMAT & hIL-6 ELISA RAPID BULLETKIT
    The PyroCell® Monocyte Activation Test – Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) Rapid System is an all-inclusive kit to conduct the Monocyte Activation Test
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    Sku LON296407
    Manufact. Sku296407
    Packaging Unit1 Stück
  8. hIL-6 ELISA RAPID BULLETKIT(M2018+M2019)
    The PeliKine Human IL-6 ELISA Rapid Kit combines two reagent kit boxes: the PeliKine Human IL-6 ELISA Rapid Set A (M2018) and the PeliKine Human IL-6 ELISA Rapid Set B (M2019)
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    Sku LON296406
    Manufact. Sku296406
    Packaging Unit1 Stück
  9. Depyrogenated Sample Vial, 10ml, Custom
    Depyrogenated Sample Vial, 10ml, Custom
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    Sku LON80-507T
    Manufact. Sku80-507T
    Packaging Unit10 ml
  10. Pyrogent-5000 Lysate Vial 5.2 ml
    Pyrogent-5000 Lysate Vial 5.2 ml
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    Sku LONT50-300
    Manufact. SkuT50-300
    Packaging Unit5,2 ml
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