Product Description: Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)) are endotoxins and TLR4 activators extracted from Escherichia coli (E. coli O111:B4) and are classified as S (smooth) type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from E. coli O111:B4 possess the typical three-part structure: O-antigen, R3-type core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from E. coli O111:B4 activate TLR-4 in immune cells and can cause significant gastric diseases. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from E. coli O111:B4 can be used to induce cellular inflammation and establish animal models related to inflammation[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].
Formula: N/A
References: [1]Kabanov DS, et al. Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2010 Apr;75(4):383-404./[2]Ying Liu, et al. Podocyte-Released Migrasomes in Urine Serve as an Indicator for Early Podocyte Injury. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2020 Nov;6(6):422-433./[3]Heinrichs DE, et al. Molecular basis for structural diversity in the core regions of the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Mol Microbiol. 1998 Oct;30(2):221-32./[4]Cai KC, et al. Age and sex differences in immune response following LPS treatment in mice. Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Nov;58:327-337./[5]Vogel DY, et al. Human macrophage polarization in vitro: maturation and activation methods compared. Immunobiology. 2014 Sep;219(9):695-703/[6]Arioz BI, et al. Melatonin Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Depressive-Like Behaviors and Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Through the SIRT1/Nrf2 Pathway. Front Immunol. 2019 Jul 2;10:1511./[7]Tezcan G, et al. Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone Differentially Activate NLRP3 in LPS Primed Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Aug 22;23(16):9484./[8]Rialdi A, et al. Topoisomerase 1 inhibition suppresses inflammatory genes and protects from death by inflammation. Science. 2016 May 27;352(6289):aad7993./[9]Mohamadi-Zarch SM, et al. Esculetin Alleviates Acute Liver Failure following Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine in Male C57BL/6 Mice. Iran J Med Sci. 2021 Sep;46(5):373-382.
Molecular Weight: N/A
Research Area: Inflammation/Immunology
Solubility: H2O : 1 mg/mL (ultrasonic;warming;heat to 60°C)
Target: Toll-like Receptor (TLR)
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