Product Description: Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens, are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins that can activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) in the immune system and induce the secretion of exosomes by cells. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and consist of an O-specific antigen chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens, induce the activation of NF-κB in mouse cells through Toll-like receptor (TLR4)/MD-2. Lipopolysaccharides from S. marcescens can also induce apoptosis in host immune cellsS. marcescens[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Formula: N/A
References: [1]Kabanov DS, et al. Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2010 Apr;75(4):383-404./[2]Cai KC, et al. Age and sex differences in immune response following LPS treatment in mice. Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Nov;58:327-337./[3]Heinrichs DE, et al. Molecular basis for structural diversity in the core regions of the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Mol Microbiol. 1998 Oct;30(2):221-32./[4]Ying Liu, et al. Podocyte-Released Migrasomes in Urine Serve as an Indicator for Early Podocyte Injury. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2020 Nov;6(6):422-433./[5]Makimura Y,et al. Chemical structure and immunobiological activity of lipid A from Serratia marcescens LPS[J]. Journal of medical microbiology, 2007, 56(11): 1440-1446./[6]Ishii K,et al. Serratia marcescens induces apoptotic cell death in host immune cells via a lipopolysaccharide-and flagella-dependent mechanism[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2012, 287(43): 36582-36592.
Molecular Weight: N/A
Research Area: Inflammation/Immunology
Solubility: H2O : 5 mg/mL (ultrasonic;warming)
Target: Toll-like Receptor (TLR)
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