Shelf life (days): 1460.0
Formulation: A solid
Formal Name: 5-[[4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]phenyl-2,3,5,6-d4]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione
Purity: ≥99% deuterated forms (d1-d4)
Formula Markup: C19H16D4N2O3S
Formula Weight: 360.5
CAS Number: 1134163-29-3
Notes: Pioglitazone-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of pioglitazone (Item Nos. 71745 / 10028 / 22263) by GC- or LC-MS. Pioglitazone is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; EC50 = ~500-600 nM for both human and murine PPARγ).{10857,10670} It is selective for PPARγ over PPARα, exhibiting low level activation of PPARα at 1 µM and 5.4-fold activation at a concentration of 10 µM.{10857} Pioglitazone inhibits pyruvate oxidation and glucose production in hepatocytes when used at a concentration of 10 μM.{37440} In vivo, pioglitazone (0.3-3 mg/kg per day) reduces hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia in a dose-dependent manner in male Wistar fatty rats.{37441} It reduces the number of lesions in a transgenic rat adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) model.{37442} Pioglitazone (2.5 mg/kg) also decreases production of neuroinflammatory cytokines and reduces immobility in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in a mouse model of chronic mild stress, indicating antidepressant-like activity that can be reversed by the PPARγ antagonist GW 9662 (Item No. 70785).{37443}
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