Notes: Umeclidinium is an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (Kis = 0.05-0.16 nM for M1-M5 human recombinant receptors).{39900,39902} It inhibits acetylcholine-induced activation of recombinant M3 receptors in CHO cell membranes (IC50 = 50 = 10 µM) and bronchoconstriction in mice when administered intranasally (ED50 = 0.02 µg).{39900,39901} Formulations containing umeclidinium have been used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).